The International Tinnitus Journal

Hearing Loss in Carotid Artery Stenosis: Influence of Age and Gender

Gulruh Shodmonkulova, Gavkhar Khaydarova,Nigman Khabilov,Firuza Mirsalikhova,Mun Tatyana,Muyassar Mirkhoshimova,Mukhlisakhon Dadabayeva,Bekhzod Khabilov,Davron Khabilov

Carotid artery stenosis (CAS) is a major vascular disorder that can lead to reduced cerebral and cochlear perfusion, resulting in sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and tinnitus. The relationship between CAS severity and hearing impairment is an emerging area of interest in neuro-otology. Objective This study aims to analyze the effect of CAS on hearing function and tinnitus, considering age- and gender-related differences. Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 60 patients diagnosed with CAS (2022–2024) at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Tashkent State Medical University. All participants underwent Doppler ultrasonography and MRI to assess stenosis severity. Audiometry (250 Hz to 8000 Hz) was performed to evaluate SNHL. Tinnitus severity was assessed using the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS 26.0 (chi-square tests and logistic regression). Patients were divided into age groups (40–59 years and ≥60 years) and analyzed by gender. Results - SNHL was detected in 36.7% of patients (n=22), while tinnitus was observed in 28.3% (n=17). - SNHL prevalence was higher in patients aged ≥ 60 years (50%, n=15) compared to those aged 40–59 years (23.8%, n=5) (p < 0.05). - Male patients exhibited a slightly higher SNHL rate (40%, n=12) than females (32%, n=10). - Severe CAS (≥ 70% stenosis) significantly increased the likelihood of SNHL (OR=2.5, 95% CI: 1.4–4.2) and tinnitus (OR=2.1, 95% CI: 1.2–3.5). - Bilateral CAS further elevated the risk of SNHL (OR=3.4) and tinnitus (OR=2.8). Conclusion - CAS is significantly associated with SNHL and tinnitus, particularly in older adults and patients with severe stenosis. - Bilateral CAS further increases hearing impairment risk. - Gender differences suggest potential protective mechanisms in females, warranting further research. - Early detection of hearing dysfunction in CAS patients may improve vascular and auditory health outcomes.